Loss of Half of the Share Capital: How to Mitigate Risks for the Company and its Directors?
Once the financial year has closed and the loss of half of the share capital is confirmed, the management body (either the board of directors or the sole directors/management, depending on the corporate form) becomes legally obliged to act. The law requires directors to promote a formal corporate response by convening the shareholders to deliberate […]
Cross-border Mergers: greater transparency, tighter control and less room for abuse
The cross-border merger process invariably begins with the preparation of the draft common terms of the cross-border merger, which is no longer viewed as a merely technical document and now assumes a central role as a key transparency tool. Alongside the draft terms, the management body of each participating company must prepare a report addressed […]
E-Mobility: New Requirements to Operate Charging Points – What Changes Under Ordinance No. 16/2026/1 of 12 January?
Ordinance No. 16/2026/1 of 12 January further implements the framework established by Decree-Law No. 93/2025, setting out the requirements, supporting documentation and procedural rules applicable to the granting of a licence for charging point operators, as well as the rules governing the prior notification regime. This regulatory framework applies to entities intending to carry out […]
Ley 9/2025 de Movilidad Sostenible: Nuevas Oportunidades Mercantiles
El Reconocimiento Legal de los Nuevos Modelos de Movilidad Una de las principales novedades de la Ley de Movilidad Sostenible es el reconocimiento expreso y la regulación específica de servicios de movilidad que, hasta ahora, operaban en una zona de incertidumbre jurídica. La movilidad compartida engloba servicios como el carsharing (vehículos compartidos), motosharing (motocicletas compartidas), […]
Establishment and Operation of Temporary Employment Agencies in Spain: Legal Requirements, Business Strategies and Market Outlook
Temporary employment agencies as a labour management tool A temporary employment agency is legally defined as a company whose main activity consists of making workers directly hired available to another user company on a temporary basis. This concept, regulated by Law 14/1994 and Royal Decree 417/2015, responds to the demand for flexibility on the part […]
Coexistence Agreements between Trademarks from Different Countries: Strategies and Benefits
What are Coexistence Agreements? Coexistence agreements are contracts that establish the conditions under which different brands, generally similar ones, can operate in the same market without generating conflicts. These agreements are particularly important in the European Union, where brands operate in multiple jurisdictions that, although they share similar regulations and, may have differences. Such agreements […]
Entry, Stay and Legal Residence in Portugal for European Union and EEA Citizens – and Their Family Members. New AIMA CRUE Certificate for Family Members
If you are a national of a European Union or European Economic Area country (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Andorra or Switzerland), you may enter, stay and reside in Portugal in a simple and swift manner, benefiting from a temporary stay of up to 3 months without the need for authorisation. To remain for more than 3 […]
Shareholder Exoneration in Portugal: When It Is Admissible and What Its Practical Effects Are
Exoneration is the right of a shareholder to exit the company when a legally or contractually defined circumstance arises that is unfavourable to the shareholder, by placing the equity interest at the disposal of another shareholder, a third party or the company, or for redemption. Pursuant to Article 240 of the Portuguese Companies Code (CSC), […]
Recourse and subrogation in the insurance sector
At Belzuz Abogados, S.L.P., as specialists in civil liability insurance, we have analysed the case law of the Supreme Court, which identifies the requirements that must be met for an action for recovery, especially in the context of insurance and civil liability, with the aim of determining in which cases such an action is appropriate […]
Civil liability for accidents caused by autonomous vehicles and ADAS systems: who is liable, the driver, the manufacturer or the insurer?
The key question is: who should assume civil liability when an accident occurs in a vehicle with automated driving systems? There is no single answer, and it depends on technical, legal and insurance factors. At the insurance department of Belzuz Abogados, S.L.P., we analyse the different scenarios, combining the principles of civil liability with current […]